Looking for a way to model economy of scale

I would like to model economy of scale and reward long term planning and I don’t see how I can do that in SEV. This has been done in older games like “Spaceward HO! IV” from the last century. I forgot the actual year it came out.

For example: The first time you build a ship at a shipyard it costs 150% of the base cost, second time 125%, third time 100%, fourth time say 90%, fifth say 80%, sixth and beyond say 75%. This would reward long term planning as you would generally allocate a space yard to produce a certain type of ship. This would model the efficiency you get when building multiple items of the same type at the same location. It would also add more interesting decisions to make, that is keep making a cheaper model, or upgrade to a newer one and pay the increased costs.

The same could be true for research. Instead of “buying” research by hopping in and out of research categories I would like to reward long term planning here too. For example, if you keep the research the same +/- 20% between two turns, then you get a 10% bonus per turn, the bonus would increase to a maximum of say 100%.
Example:
Item being researched: Advanced Toilet Bowl Scrubber Level 1: 1000 research points.
20% of 1000 is 200, so you can alter the research allocated by up to 200 points between turns and accumulate the bonus.

Turn 1: Allocate 100 points
Total = 100 points
Turn 2: Allocate 200 points
Total = 100 + 200 + (200 * .1) = 320
Turn 3: Allocate 200 points:
Total = 320 + 200 + (200 * .2) = 560
Turn 4: Allocate 200 points
Total = 560 + 200 + (200 * .3) = 820
Turn 5: Allocate 200 points
Total = 820 + 200 + (200 * .4) = 1100
We now have achieved ATBS Level 1, now we are on ATBS Level 2.
Say it is 2000 research points for level 2, we can alter the amount spent by 2000 * .2 or 400 points and still keep the bonus.
Turn 6: Allocate 500 points
Total = 100 + 500 + (500 * .5) = 850
Turn 7 Allocate 500 points
Total = 850 + 500 + (500 * .6) = 1650
Turn 8 Allocate 250 points
Total = 1650 + 250 + (250 * .7) = 2075
We have now finished researching Advanced Toilet Bowl Scrubber Level 2, ATBS Level 3 costs 3000 research points. However now it is time to research Plunger of Death Level 1. If we want to keep the bonus then we would need to have a minimum spending in the ATBS research line. Not too sure what to use but I would suggest a minimum percentage. If we use 5% research points then you would need to spend 3000 *.05 = 150 points a turn to increase the bonus to 100% or to maintain the bonus if it is at 100%.
Note: All percentages are gestimates. I have no idea what they should be, these are just examples. You may want to have a minimum research rate of 10% (instead of 5%) to maintain the bonus. Ship costs may want to be 200% for the initial ship to 65% for the 10th ship. Your mileage may vary.